Ruzivo nezve vaHiti, VaHiti Mapfupi Ruzivo

Rudzi, rwaigara muna 1650 - 1200 BC, rwakatungamira kubuda kwemaonero matsva panguva yeAsiriya Trade Colonies. Iyo inoratidza hunhu hwekuve wedzinza reIndo-European. Iye akatanga nyika ndiLabarna. Inonzi Boğazkale kana Hattusha muguta guru. Kune imba huru iri pakati peguta.

Paunofamba uchienda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, unogona kusvika padzimba dzega kubva panguva iyoyo uye neguta rezasi kune Tembere Huru. Yenice Castle naSarı Kale vari pano. Guta rekumusoro riri muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba. Kune madziro akaita sechifuva akavakwa nemadzimambo muzana ramakore rechi13 BC. Gedhi raMambo, Potern, Gedhi reSphinx, uye Gedhi reShumba zviri pamadziro aya.

Htite Nhoroondo

Izvo zvinokwanisika kuongorora nhoroondo yeHitite muzvikamu zviviri. BC 1650 - 1450 Humambo hwekare uye BC 1450 - 1200 yakakamurwa kuva Hittite Imperial Period. Mushure mehumambo hweAnatolia, akaronga mushandirapamwe kuenda kuSyria. BC 1274'da mushure meHondo yeKadesh neEgypt BC. Chibvumirano chine zita rakafanana nehondo mugore 1269 rakagadzirwa. Chibvumirano ichi ndiyo yekutanga chibvumirano chakanyorwa. Nyika yakaparadzwa nekurwiswa kwemadzinza eKashka.
BC Makore e1800 akave kekutanga kuti ruzivo nezverudzi rwawanikwa. Nhoroondo yechinyakare yechiHiti inguva inonzi Telipinu era 'Middle Kingdom'.

Chii chinonzi Hititi?

Heti ndiyo dangwe pane mitauro yeIndo-European. Syllables kana zviratidzo zvimwe zvinoratidza mazwi. Hieroglyphs inosarudzwa muzvinyorwa zvikuru senge zvisimbiso uye matombo edombo. Kunyora, kune rumwe rutivi, kunoonekwa setarenda reboka diki. Pakati pebasa rakanyorwa mu cuneiform pane gore, zvinyorwa zvemhemberero, zvinyorwa zvezviitiko zvekare, zvibvumirano, magwaro emipiro uye tsamba. Kunze kwemahwendefa evhu, kwaivewo nemahwendefa emapuranga uye esimbi.

Hwendefa rekutanga resimbi rakawanikwa muHattusa muna 1986.
VaHiti vakatora chinamato chevamwari vazhinji uye kune zviuru nezviuru zvevamwari nemwarikadzi. Vazhinji veava mwari vakatorwa kubva kuzvitendero zvemamwe madzinza. Mwari vanowirirana nevanhu. Pamusoro pekufanana panyama, iye akafanana nemunhu wenyama pakunamata. Sezvo nevanhu, ivo vanodya, vanonwa uye vanozvibata zvakanaka kana vakachengetedzwa zvakanaka.

Kubva pakagadzwa vaHiti, mwari mukuru ndiTesup, mwari wemadutu. Mumwe mwari ndiHetap, mwarikadzi wezuva. Iyo nharaunda inozivikanwa zvakare sedunhu revamwari vane chiuru. Guta rega rega paive riine mwari mukuru, mambo wega wega aive nemwari wekuchengetedza. Iyo inopa kuumbwa kweye cosmic era uye inochengetedza kurongeka kwehumambo. Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika muhutongi ndiPanku, inonziwo kanzuru yeumambo. Humambo hwaive hwenhaka. Nekudaro, kana iye asina murume wekutanga uye wechipiri degree kuti ave mambo, mukadzi wemuchindakadzi wedhigiri rekutanga anogona zvakare kuve mambo.

Muchinda wekorona akasarudzwa namambo aifanira kupihwa mvumo naPanku obva apika kutendeka. Paivewo nehuhosi padivi pamambo, uye kunyangwe aigona kutora chinzvimbo chaivepo mumambokadzi, mambo ndiye aive nesimba rakazara.

Tichifunga zviri mukati meKadesh Chibvumirano, inova yekutanga chibvumirano chakanyorwa, II. Ipo Ramses akadurura nzvimbo dzaakange atora pamberi pehondo, vaHeti vakatora guta reKadheshi. Nekuda kwekupondwa kwa Muvattalli nekuda kwekumukira kwemauto kwakatanga panguva yechibvumirano, III. Yakasainwa naHatususili. Icho chibvumirano chekaresa munhoroondo yepasirese chakavakirwa pachisungo chekuenzana.

Chibvumirano ichi chakanyorwa muchiAkkadian uchishandisa cuneiform pamatare esirivha. Pamusoro pechisimbiso chamambo, chisimbiso chamambokadzi chinoitikawo. Kunyangwe iyo yekutanga vhezheni yechibvumirano yarasika, kopi yechibvumirano, icho chaive chakanyorwa pamadziro ematembere eEjipitori, chakawanikwa mukuchera kweBoğazköy uye inoratidzwa muIstanbul Archaeology Museum, nepo kopi yakawedzerwa iri muUnited Nations. kuvaka muNew York.