Ndeupi muhoro wepasi muGermany? (2024 ruzivo rwakagadziridzwa)
Ndeupi muhoro wepasi muGermany? Kune vanhu vazhinji vanoda kushanda muGermany, imwe yehupfumi hukuru muEurope, uye kuti muhoro wepasi uchange uri muGermany muna 2024 unogara uchiongororwa. Muchinyorwa chino, isu tinopa ruzivo nezve ese ari maviri huwandu hwazvino hwemubhadharo wepasi reGerman uye huwandu hwemakore apfuura.
Muchinyorwa chino apo isu tinopa ruzivo nezve yakaderera muhoro tariffs inoshandiswa muGermany, Germany Ministry of Labor Isu takashandisa data yepamutemo kubva ku (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales). Ichi chinyorwa takagadzirira nedata rakaziviswa neGerman Ministry of Labor (Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs) (BMAS). german mashoma mubairo Iine ruzivo rwechokwadi uye rwechizvino-zvino nezve.
MuGermany, mubairo wepasi-pasi unotarwa nekomisheni yekutemerwa muhoro wepasi kuburikidza nemirau yemutemo inotaridza mwero wakaderera wemuhoro wevashandi. German Federal Employment Services Agency Mari shoma yemuhoro, iyo inoongororwa gore rega rega ne (BA), inogara ichivandudzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vanokwanisa kuchengetedza mararamiro avo uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka. Kuti tizive kuti mubairo wepasi muGermany ndeupi, tinogona kutarisa kusarudzwa kwemuhoro kunoitwa makore maviri ega ega.
Anenge makore maviri apfuura, ndiko kuti, muna 2, muhoro wepasi muGermany wakatemwa se2022 euros. Kana mari iyi ichiverengwa paawa imwe neimwe, inoshanduka kuva 9,60 Euros / awa. Munhu anoshanda muGermany haakwanise kushandirwa pasi pemuhoro wepasi. Mubairo wakaderera unowedzera anenge gore rega rega, zvichibatsira kumamiriro emari evashandi.
Ndeupi muhoro wepasi muGermany?
Zviri Mukati
Ndeupi muhoro wepasi muGermany? Mubvunzo uyu inyaya iri kunetsa mupfungwa dzevanhu vakawanda vanogara kumaruwa vachida kushanda. Germany, nyika ine hupfumi hukuru muEurope, zvakare iri pamusoro pemari yevashandi. Kusarudza mari shoma munyika chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa hukama pakati pevashandi nevashandirwi.
Mubairo wakaderera muGermany ndeyeGerman Minimum Wage Act (mindestlohngesetz) inotemerwa na. Mutemo uyu, uyo wakatanga kushanda muna 2015, unoda kutara mari inotambirwa neawa yevashandi vose. Nhasi, kukosha kwemari shoma inotarirwa semugumisiro wekuongorora kwegore negore.
Kubva muna 2021, mubhadharo weawa shoma muGermany wakatemerwa se9,60 euros. Iyi nhamba inoshanda kune vese vashandi mune chero indasitiri. Nhaurirano pakati pemibatanidzwa, vashandirwi nevakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoita basa rakakosha pakuona muhoro wepasi muGermany.
Kubva muna Ndira 1, 2024, muhoro wepamutemo wepasi muGermany i12,41 euros paawa. Iyo Minimum Wage Commission yakaita sarudzo muna Chikumi 26, 2023. Sarudzo iyi yakatorwa nevhoti yeruzhinji vachipesana nemavhoti evamiriri vemubatanidzwa. Nemamwe mashoko, mushandi anotambira mari shoma ye12,41 euros paawa yega yega yaanoshanda. Mushandi anoshanda maawa masere pazuva anogamuchira muhoro we8 euros pazuva. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti mushandi anoshanda maawa masere pazuva muGermany anogamuchira muhoro we99,28 EUR pazuva. Muhoro uyu ndiwo mubairo wepasi. Mushandi anoshanda maawa masere pazuva, mazuva makumi maviri pamwedzi anogamuchira muhoro wakaderera we8 Euros pamwedzi. Ndiani anowana mubairo wepasi, ndezvipi zvisiri izvo, chii chinoitika kana ikaputsika? Munyaya ino tinopindura mibvunzo inonyanya kukosha.
Mangani maeuro ndiyo yakaderera muhoro muGermany?
Muhoro wepasi muGermany wakatemerwa se1 euros paawa kubva muna Ndira 2024, 12,41. Mari iyi yakatanga kushanda kubva 01/01/2024. Minimum Wage Commission yakatora danho iri muna Chikumi 26, 2023, vachipokana nemavhoti evamiriri vemubatanidzwa. Kuwedzerwa kudiki uku hakuna kufadza vashandi vanotambira mihoro yepasi. Mamwe mapato ezvematongerwo enyika achiri kushanda kuti awedzere mari inotambirwa nevanhu vashoma.
Muhoro wepamwedzi wega wega wepasi pamubhadharo wemushandi anoshanda maawa makumi mana pasvondo inogona kusvika 2.080 Euro. Yakawanda sei yasara mushure mekubviswa kwemitero uye mipiro yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu inosiyana kubva kumunhu nemunhu uye bhaketi yemutero, chimiro chewanano, nhamba yevana, chitendero chechitendero uye nyika yemubatanidzwa Zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakadai. Iwe uchaverenga mimwe mienzaniso chaiyo gare gare muchinyorwa.
Kubva pakuona kwemubatanidzwa, mari iyi inoodza mwoyo chose. Vari kushevedzera kuwedzera kwakakosha kwemubhadharo wepamutemo wepasirese, uchipihwa inflation yakakwira uye kukwira kwesimba uye mutengo wekudya.
Ndeipi iyo inotevera yekuwedzera mudiki muhoro ichaitwa muGermany?
Kuwedzera kunotevera kune yakajairika pamutemo mubairo wakaderera uchaitika muna Ndira 1, 2025. Iyo Minimum Wage Commission yakasarudza kupokana uye nevhoti yakawanda yevamiriri vemubatanidzwa musi waChikumi 26, 2023, kuti mutemo wakawanda sei unofanirwa kuitwa pamuhoro wepasi. Muhoro wepamutemo wakakwira kusvika pa2024 euro pa12.41 kubva muna Ndira 1 uye uchakwira kusvika pa01 euro musi wa01/2025/12.82. Uku kungowedzera kwe3,4 kana 3,3 muzana uye kuri kure nekupedza kuvandudzwa kuri kuita simba rekutenga (inflation). Vashandi havana kufarira kukwidzwa kwemuhoro wakaderera uchaitwa muna 2025.
Gwaro remuhoro wepasi reGermany rine chinangwa chekuchengetedza kodzero dzevashandirwi nevashandi. Nenzira iyi, nepo zvinodiwa zvevashandi vanotsigirwa nemubatanidzwa zvichizadzikiswa, vashandirwi vanokwanisawo kuita mutemo wemuhoro wakaringana. Mubairo wepasi muGermany imari inotarwa nemaawa ekushanda uye inowedzera kuwedzera gore rega rega.
Komisheni yemuhoro yepasi peGerman ndeyei?
Minimum Wage Commission, Iboka rakazvimirira rinosanganisira masangano evashandirwi, vamiriri vemubatanidzwa nevasainzi. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvinotarisa kuti wakakwira sei muhoro wepasi wemutemo uripo kuti upe vashandi dziviriro yakaringana.
Semutemo, iyo Minimum Wage Commission inoendesa chikumbiro chekuwedzera iyo yakajairika yepamutemo mubairo wemakore maviri ega ega. Kugadziriswa kwegumi nemaviri euros muna 2 yaive imwe-nguva, isina kurongwa kuwedzera kwakabvumiranwa muchibvumirano chemubatanidzwa. Ipapo kwakanga kune kudzokera kunhambo yenguva dzose yakarongwa nomutemo. Izvi zvairevawo kuti hapazove nekuwedzera kweiyo general pamutemo muhoro mu2022.
Ndeipi mihoro yeawa yega yega muGermany?
Muhoro wepasi peawa muGermany mutemo une chinangwa chekuona muhoro uchabhadharwa nevashandi pabasa ravanoita. Inotarirwa nekufunga nezvemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika, zvisungo zvekubhadhara zvevashandirwi uye mararamiro evashandi. Chinangwa ndechekuti mubairo wepasi muGermany uve padanho rinosangana nezvinodiwa zvevashandi.
Musi waNdira 1, 2024 Muhoro wepaawa uri pamutemo wakawedzerwa. Parizvino paawa 12,41 euros. Musi waNdira 1, 2025, muhoro wepasi muGermany uchawedzera kusvika pa12,82 euros.
Minimum muhoro ndiwo mutemo wakatemerwa kuvandudza mararamiro evashandi uye kupa kukosha kwakakosha kushanda. Mubvunzo wekuti muhoro wepasi wakakwana muGermany une nharo. Kunyange hazvo vamwe vachiti muhoro wepasi unofanira kunge uchikwirisa, vamwewo vanoti vashandirwi vangaomerwa nekubhadhara mitengo yakakwira iyi.
Ndeipi mihoro yemazuva ese muGermany?
Muhoro wepasi muGermany kubva muna Ndira 1, 2024 12,41 euros. Mushandi anoshanda maawa masere (8) pazuva anowana muhoro we99,28 Euros pazuva. Anokodzera muhoro wakakwana we2000 Euros mumwedzi.
Mugermany Muhoro wepasi unosiyana zvichienderana nezvikamu zvakasiyana here?
Mubairo wakaderera muzvikamu zvakasiyana muGermany unoshanda kumakambani ese ari muchikamu. Izvo hazvina basa kuti makambani akasungwa nechibvumirano chemubatanidzwa here kana kuti kwete. Masangano nevashandirwi vanotaurirana izvi kuburikidza nekudyidzana. Dzimwe nguva mubairo wepasi unoshandiswa sezvinotevera mumaindasitiri anotevera. (kubva muna 2024)
Chimney kuchenesa mabasa: 14,50 Euro
Vashandi vezvokurapa: 14,15 Euro
Vanamukoti: 15,25 Euro
Kupenda nekupukuta mabasa: 13 Euro (asina hunyanzvi) - 15 Euro (ane hunyanzvi mushandi)
Scaffolding inoshanda: 13,95 Euro
Kubata tsvina kunoshanda: 12,41 Euro
Kuchenesa zvivakwa: 13,50 Euro
Basa renguva pfupi: 13,50 Euro
Kudzidzira basa: 18,58 Euro
Pamusoro pezvo, Germany ine mirau yemuhoro yakasiyana zvichienderana nehunyanzvi uye masekete, kunze kweiyo mihoro mishoma. Mamwe mabasa uye mibairo yavo yeawa inopihwa mutafura iri pamusoro. Iyi mihoro ndeyemavhareji uye inogona kusiyana pakati pevashandirwi vakasiyana kana maguta. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvakaita seruzivo, dzidzo uye hunyanzvi zvinogona kukanganisa chikamu chemuhoro.
Pane mubairo wakaderera wevashandi vekuGermany?
Vadzidzi vanopihwa mari shoma yekudzidziswa, kwete mihoro yepasi. Iyo inowanzonzi colloquially kunzi "intern mishoma mubairo" asi haifanirwe kuvhiringika nemubhadharo wepamutemo wemuhoro.
Yakabhadharwa kune interns muna 2024 mari shoma yedzidzo :
- 1 euro mugore rokutanga redzidzo,
- 2 euro mugore rokutanga redzidzo,
- 3 euro mugore rokutanga redzidzo,
- 4 euros mune gare gare inoshanda.
Minimum muhoro muGermany mumakore apfuura
| Yprovince | Minimum wage |
| 2015 | 8,50 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2016 | 8,50 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2017 | 8,84 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2018 | 8,84 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2019 | 9,19 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2020 | 9,35 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2021 (01/01-30/06) | 9,50 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2021 (01.07.-31.12.) | 9,60 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2022 (01/01-30/06) | 9,82 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2022 (Chikunguru 1 - Gunyana 30) | 10,45 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2022 (01.10.-31.12.) | 12,00 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2023 | 12,00 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2024 | 12,41 Euro (awa imwe) |
| 2025 | 12,82 Euro (awa imwe) |
Nyanzvi uye mihoro muGermany
Germany inzvimbo yakakurumbira yekubvakacha kune vanhu vazhinji vane mararamiro epamusoro, mikana yebasa uye mihoro. Basa ravo uye mihoro, iri nyaya yakakosha kune avo vanoda kugara muGermany, inoumbwa maererano nehupfumi hwenyika uye zvinodiwa nemusika wevashandi.
Mihoro yehunyanzvi muGermany inowanzosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwebasa racho, ruzivo uye dzidzo. Semuenzaniso, nyanzvi dzinoshanda mundima dzakaita sesainzi, tekinoroji, uinjiniya nezvemari dzinogona kuwana mihoro yakakwirisa, nepo avo vanoshanda muchikamu chebasa kana mabasa epasi vanogona kupihwa mihoro yakaderera.
Kuve chiremba, imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa hunyanzvi muGermany, iri pakati pemabasa anobhadharwa zvakanyanya. Mihoro yevanachiremba vanoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakurapwa kwekutanga kusvika pakuvhiyiwa, yakanaka chaizvo kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika.
Pamusoro pezvo, avo vanoshanda mumunda weinjiniya vari pakati pemabasa anobhadharwa zvakanyanya muGermany. Nyanzvi dzinoshanda munzvimbo dzehunyanzvi dzakadai seinjiniya yemakombuta, engineering yemagetsi, uye mechanic engineering vanogona kuwana mihoro yakanyanya kana vaine dzidzo yakanaka uye ruzivo.
Chikamu chezvemari muGermany zvakare chikamu chinopa mukana webasa unobhadhara zvakanaka. Mihoro yevashandi vezvemari vanoshanda muminda yakaita sebhangi, inishuwarenzi uye mari yekudyara kazhinji yakanaka uye inogona kuwedzera sezvavanofambira mberi mumabasa avo.
| Basa | salary scale |
|---|---|
| Doktor | €7.000 - €17.000 |
| injiniya | €5.000 - €12.000 |
| Nyanzvi yezvemari | €4.000 - €10.000 |
Sezvinoonekwa patafura, mihoro inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nebasa. Zvisinei, hazvifaniri kukanganwa kuti vashandi muGermany vanobatsirwawo nekodzero dzevanhu uye kuchengetedzwa kwebasa pamwe chete nemuhoro.
Izvo zvakakosha kune avo vanoda kushanda muGermany kuti vatarise zvavanofarira, hunyanzvi uye dzidzo pakusarudza basa. Hazvifanirwe kukanganwika kuti kuziva chiGerman chinhu chakanakira kuwana basa uye kusimudzira basa rako.
Mubairo wepasirese wepamutemo haushande kuGermany ani?
Hongu, pane zvisizvo kumutemo wemuhoro wepasi. Avo vanozadzisa zvinotevera maitiro vanogona kubhadharwa zvishoma:
- Vechidiki vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere vasati vapedza zvidzidzo zvavo zvemabasa emawoko.
- Vanodzidzira sechikamu chekudzidzira basa remaoko, zvisinei nezera ravo.
- Kushaya basa kwenguva refu mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga mushure mekushaiwa basa kwapera.
- Interns, chero iyo internship inomanikidzwa mukati mechikamu chechikoro kana yunivhesiti dzidzo.
- Interns vanozvipira kusvika kumwedzi mitatu kuti vape nhungamiro yekudzidziswa basa kana kutanga zvidzidzo kukoreji kana kuyunivhesiti.
- Vechidiki nevanhu vanoshanda vachizvidira mukudzidzira mabasa emaoko kana kumwe kudzidziswa mabasa emaoko mukugadzirira zvitupa zvekupinda-chikamu zvinoenderana neVocational Training Act.
Zviri nyore here kugara muGermany?
Germany inozivikanwa seimwe yenyika dzakasimukira pasi rose uye inokwezva kutariswa kwevanhu vazhinji. Saka zviri nyore here kugara muGermany? Sezvo zvinoitika zvomunhu ari wose zvingava zvakasiyana, mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu ingasiyana pamunhu nomunhu. Asi zvakazara, kugara muGermany kunopa mikana yakawanda uye zvakanakira.
Chekutanga pane zvese, hutano hwehutano muGermany huri padanho rakanaka kwazvo. Munhu wese anekodzero yekuva neinishuwarenzi yehutano pasi rose, iyo inopa kuwanikidzwa kuri nyore kuzvipatara. Uye zvakare, iyo nhanho yedzidzo muGermany yakanyanya kukwirira uye mikana yemahara yedzidzo inopihwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvivakwa zveGermany zvakanaka kwazvo uye hurongwa hwekufambisa veruzhinji hwakagadziridzwa. Iwe unogona kufamba nyore munyika yose nezvifambiso zvakaita sezvitima, mabhazi uye tram. Pamusoro pezvo, mikana yebasa muGermany yakakura.
Makambani mazhinji epasi rese ane muzinda kuGermany uye mabasa anobhadhara zvakanaka aripo. Pamusoro pezvo, kusiyana kwetsika dzeGermany kunoita kuti hupenyu huve nyore. Kugara pamwe chete nevanhu vanobva kumarudzi akasiyana kunokubvumira kutora maonero akasiyana. Panguva imwecheteyo, runako rwechisikigo rweGermany runofanirwawo kuongororwa. Iwe unogona kupedza nguva yakakomberedzwa nemasikirwo munzvimbo dzakadai seBavarian Alps, Rhine River uye Lake Constance.
| Zvinhu: | Tsananguro: |
|---|---|
| hutano hwehutano | Iyo hutano hwehutano muGermany yakanaka chaizvo uye munhu wese anogona kuve neinishuwarenzi yehutano yepasirese. |
| Mikana yedzidzo | Chiyero chedzidzo muGermany chakakwira uye mikana yedzidzo yemahara inopihwa. |
| Kuwana nyore | Nzira yekufambisa yevoruzhinji muGermany yakagadziridzwa kuitira kuti iwe ugone kufamba nyore. |
| mikana yebasa | Makambani mazhinji epasi rese ane muzinda kuGermany uye mabasa anobhadhara zvakanaka aripo. |
Germany inyika ine hupfumi hukuru muEurope uye chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi hwenyika. Kugadzira, kutengeserana, kutengesa kunze kwenyika uye masevhisi zvikamu zvinoumba musana wehupfumi hweGerman. Heano zvimwe zvakakosha pamusoro pehupfumi hweGermany:
- Manufacturing Indasitiri : Germany ine indasitiri yakasimba yekugadzira, kunyanya muzvikamu zvakaita semotokari, michina, makemikari nemagetsi. Kugona kugadzira kwenyika uye hunyanzvi hweinjiniya zvinocherechedzwa pasi rese.
- export : Germany ndeimwe yevatengesi vepasi rese. Inotumira kunze kwepamusoro-yakawedzerwa zvigadzirwa, kunyanya zvigadzirwa zvemotokari, michina nemakemikari. Inotumira kunze kune hupfumi hukuru hwakaita seEuropean Union, USA neChina.
- Indasitiri yebasa : Chikamu chebasa reGermany chakagadziridzwa zvakare. Kune chikamu chebasa rakasimba munzvimbo dzakaita sezvemari, tekinoroji, hutano, dzidzo uye kushanya.
- Vashandi vakagadzikana : Germany inyika ine vashandi vane hunyanzvi. Sistimu yedzidzo uye zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa mabasa zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza kunaka uye kubereka kwevashandi.
- kwezvivako : Germany ine chekufambisa chazvino uye chinoshanda, nharembozha uye simba remagetsi. Zvivakwa izvi zvinoita kuti mabhizimisi nehupfumi zvishande nemazvo.
- mari yehurumende : Germany ine hurongwa hwehutano hwakanaka uye kushandiswa kwehurumende kunomiririra chikamu chakakosha chemari yemutero. Kuisa mari munzvimbo dzakadai sehutano, dzidzo uye kuchengetwa kwevanhu kwakakosha.
- shanduko yesimba : Germany yakatora basa rinotungamira musimba rinodzokororwa uye kusimudzira. Nyika iri kuyedza kusimuka kubva kumafuta ezvicherwa uye kuenda kumagetsi egirinhi.
Hupfumi hweGermany hunowanzo kugadzikana uye hunoita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hwenyika. Nekudaro, inogara ichichinja chimiro nekuda kwesimba rezvinhu zvakaita sekuchinja kwevanhu, kusimukira kwehunyanzvi uye mafambiro ehupfumi hwenyika.
Ruzivo pamusoro peGerman federal employment agency
Iwo mahofisi makuru eFederal Employment Agency (BA) anoita mabasa akazara ebasa remusika wevashandi uye kudzidzisa vagari, makambani uye masangano. Nharaunda yenyika yose yemasangano emabasa uye nzvimbo dzebasa (nzvimbo dzakagoverwa) dziripo kuti dziite mabasa aya ebasa. Iwo makuru mabasa eBA ndeaya:
Kukurudzira kushandika uye kugona kuwana
Kudzidziswa uye kuiswa munzvimbo dzebasa
Zano rebasa
Kurudziro yevashandirwi
Kukurudzira kudzidziswa basa remaoko
Kukurudzira budiriro yehunyanzvi
Kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi kwevanhu vakaremara
Masevhisi ekuchengetedza nekugadzira basa uye
Wage replacement benefits, zvakadai sekushaya basa kana bankruptcy mabhenefiti.
BA ndiyowo mupi mukuru wekuchengetedza kune vanotsvaga basa uye saka inopa masevhisi munzvimbo dzakagovaniswa uye masevhisi kuchengetedza raramo, kunyanya kugumisa kana kuderedza kudiwa kwerubatsiro kuburikidza nekubatanidza basa.
BA inoitisawo musika wevashandi uye tsvakiridzo yebasa, kutarisa kwemusika wevashandi uye kushuma, uye inochengetedza huwandu hwemusika wevashandi. Inobhadharawo rubatsiro rwemwana sehomwe yemhuri. Akapihwawo mabasa ekudzora kurwisa kushungurudzwa kwesevhisi.
Ruzivo nezveGerman Federal Ministry yeVashandi neSocial Affairs (BMAS)
Izvi zvinotevera zvirevo zvinoonekwa pawebhusaiti yeFederal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs: Basa revezvematongerwo enyika ndere kuchengetedza kushanda kwesocial system, kuve nechokwadi chekubatanidzwa kwevanhu uye kugadzira mamiriro ehurongwa hwebasa rakakura. Aya mabasa anobata nzvimbo dzakawanda dzematongerwo enyika. Iyo Federal Ministry yeLabour and Social Affairs (BMAS) iri kusundidzira mhinduro dzepakati nepakati uye kuronga matanho ayo nenyika dzakakanganisika nemanisiparati. Kudyidzana kwepedyo pakati peBMAS neBasa neSocial Affairs Committee kwakakoshawo mubudiriro yemagariro. Ndiro dare rinoita sarudzo reParamende.
Social policy nehupfumi
Hwaro hwekugadzira mabasa pasi pemipiro yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu ihupfumi huri kubudirira. Welfare State inogona kushanda chete kana hupfumi hwagadziriswa. BMAS yakazvipira kuhupfumi huripo kuvanhu. Economy haisi magumo pachayo.
Economic, job and social policy zvakare ari matatu padanho reEuropean. Mamiriro ezvemagariro evanhu ari uye acharamba ari chikamu chepakati cheLisbon Strategy, sezvo kukura kunofanira kuenda pamwe chete nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. Ushumiri hunoda kusimbisa nhaurirano dzevanhu uye kubatanidza masangano evanhu. Europe inomiririra mukana mukuru kana ikatungamirwa nemazvo.
Pension
Rimwe remabasa ayo echimbichimbi nderekudzikamisa kwemutemo inishuwarenzi yemudyandigere. Pane zvinhu zviviri zvakabatana zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa kwayo. Kune rimwe divi, zera rekuenda pamudyandigere rinoda kuchinjika kuti riwedzere tarisiro yehupenyu. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanhu vakwegura vanofanira kupiwa mikana yakawanda mumusika wemabasa.
mabviro: https://www.arbeitsagentur.de